The Zama protocol achieves boot speeds as low as 0.9 milliseconds, and will develop FHE special chips in the future.

The fully homomorphic encryption network Zama announced a major milestone in its research with boot speeds as low as 0.9 milliseconds, a 56-fold increase from 53 milliseconds in 2021. After years of research, using GPUs to efficiently process homomorphic encryption (FHE)-related calculations, the 64-bit encryption encryption latency dropped from 2000 milliseconds in 2022 to 8.7 milliseconds, with an increase of 230 times; while the 64-bit encryption multiplication latency decreased from 13,000 milliseconds in 2022 to 32 milliseconds, with an increase of 400 times. Currently, the Zama protocol's confidential stablecoin transfer speed has increased from 0.1 transactions per second in 2022 to 230 transactions, and FHE's processing speed has surpassed Ethereum and most layer two solutions, and is expected to reach 1,000 transactions per second within a few months. The next goal is to develop FHE dedicated chips (ASICs) to achieve 100,000 transactions per second by 2029, enough to cover the transaction volumes of Visa, Mastercard and SWIFT.